where (dT/dt) is the change in temperature over time (C min1), Cp is the specific heat of water (4.18kJ kg1 C1), and m is the mass (kg).
Extrinsic parameters of amplitude were 22.8, 68.4 and 114lm for 10min of ultrasound treatment which corresponded to ultrasound intensities of 7.00, 35.61 and 75.78W cm2, respectively. Control samples were soaked in distilled water for 10 min without any ultrasound pre-treatment. The intensity of ultrasonic (UI) power dissipated from a probe tip with diameter D is given by