The Court determines that it A. Infringement of Capitol’s Copyrights To state a claim for copyright infringement, a plaintiff must establish that it owns a valid copyright in the work at issue and that the defendant violated one of the exclusive rights the plaintiff holds in the work. Twin Peaks Prods., Inc. v. Publ’ns Int’l, It is undisputed that Capitol owns copyrights in a number of the recordings sold on ReDigi’s website. Decl. of Richard S. Mandel, dated July 19, 2012,(“Mandel Decl.”), , Ex. M; Decl. of Alasdair J. McMullan, dated July 19, 2012, Doc. No. 51 (“McMullan Decl.”), It is also undisputed that Capitol did not approve the reproduction or distribution of its copyrighted recordings on ReDigi’s website. Thus, if digital music files are “reproduce[d]” and “distribute[d]” on ReDigi’s website within the meaning of the Copyright Act, Capitol’s copyrights have been infringed.