Thus, the industrial sector with high energy intensity will be one of the major energy users in China. Second, the sectoral effect of energy import cannot be captured by employing GDP. For example, crude oil is imported largely as an industrial production input. Therefore, in view of the importance of the industrial sector in energy trade (i.e. oil imports), the value-added of industry (VAI) is chosen as one of the explanatory variables in the regression analysis. In addition, the impacts of heavy industry and light industry are also considered separately in the empirical exercises. Thus, the value-added of either heavy industry (VAHI) or light industry (VALI) is included in the analysis.