Managers abound in the adhocracy-functional managers, project managers, integrating managers. This results in narrow spans of control" by con ventional measures. That is not a reflection of con- trol but of the small size of the project teams. The managers of adhocracy do not control in the con- ventional sense of direct supervision, typically, they are experts too who take their place alongside the others in the teams, concerned especially with link- ing the different teams together.