Barth's distinction is that there are two types of people: those who divide people into two types and those who don't. 1 This distinction is an appro- priate one for the study of leadership, a field which consists of many dichotomies. Distinctions are made between leaders and subordinates, and appointed leaders and emergent leaders; between leadership and supervision, and management and leadership; and between leaders who are autocratic or democratic, boss-centered or subordinate-centered, and social-emotional or task-oriented. The purpose of this paper is to focus on one of these distinctions: management as opposed to leadership. The literature on management indicates that only one aspect of management is concerned with leader- ship, and the leadership literature indicates little that is concerned with management. However, a review of literature on what managers actually do shows that aspects of management and leadership intertwine in the job of the supervisor. In focusing on the manager/leader distinction I will be concentrating on individuals who are appointed managers or leaders in a formal organization. This eliminates concern with emergent (infor- mal) leaders and nonorganizational s