Figure 3 shows the relation between plasma renin (measured at baseline whilst patients were receiving their usual medication—ie, A + C + D) and the blood pressure-lowering response to each active treatment corrected for the placebo eff ect. There was a clear inverse relation between the home systolic blood pressure fall with spironolactone and plasma renin, not seen with bisoprolol or doxazosin. Moreover, the blood pressure response to spironolactone was superior to bisoprolol and doxazosin across most of the plasma renin distribution (fi gure 3). Only in a small minority of patients, with very high plasma renin levels, did the mean home systolic blood pressure response to doxazosin or bisoprolol overlap that to spironolactone. Analysis of each patient’s best drug clearly showed that, although spironolactone was the best blood pressurelowering treatment throughout almost the entire renin distribution, the likelihood of being superior, and the magnitude of this superiority, was several-fold higher for spironolactone than the other drugs at the lower end of the distribution (fi gure 3; appendix pp 18,19). All active treatments were well tolerated with similar low rates of adverse events and withdrawals due to adverse events (table 5; appendix p 12 shows the numbers and rates of the commonest adverse events, and appendix p 13 shows all serious adverse events). Notably, discontinuations due to renal impairm ent, hyperkalaemia, and gynaecomastia were not increased with spironolactone relative to other treatments and placebo. Serum sodium was reduced with spironolactone (–1·91 mmol/L, –1·35%), but not the other treatments, whereas some increase in potassium levels was observed with both bisoprolol and spironolactone (appendix p 14). Serum creatinine levels increased and estimated glomerular fi ltration rate (eGFR) decreased (appendix p 14). Stacking of the distribution of serum sodium, potassium, and eGFR at the end of the treatment cycle for each drug shows that all drugs lowering blood pressure in this population cause some fall in eGFR, and that the frequency of abnormal numbers for each parameter is low (fi gure 4). None of these was clinically serious or led to withdrawals from the trial. Only six (2%) of 285 patients exposed to spironolactone developed a serum potassium on a single occasion greater than 6·0 mmol/L, with a maximum of 6·5 mmol/L.
Figure 3 shows the relation between plasma renin (measured at baseline whilst patients were receiving their usual medication—ie, A + C + D) and the blood pressure-lowering response to each active treatment corrected for the placebo eff ect. There was a clear inverse relation between the home systolic blood pressure fall with spironolactone and plasma renin, not seen with bisoprolol or doxazosin. Moreover, the blood pressure response to spironolactone was superior to bisoprolol and doxazosin across most of the plasma renin distribution (fi gure 3). Only in a small minority of patients, with very high plasma renin levels, did the mean home systolic blood pressure response to doxazosin or bisoprolol overlap that to spironolactone. Analysis of each patient’s best drug clearly showed that, although spironolactone was the best blood pressurelowering treatment throughout almost the entire renin distribution, the likelihood of being superior, and the magnitude of this superiority, was several-fold higher for spironolactone than the other drugs at the lower end of the distribution (fi gure 3; appendix pp 18,19). All active treatments were well tolerated with similar low rates of adverse events and withdrawals due to adverse events (table 5; appendix p 12 shows the numbers and rates of the commonest adverse events, and appendix p 13 shows all serious adverse events). Notably, discontinuations due to renal impairm ent, hyperkalaemia, and gynaecomastia were not increased with spironolactone relative to other treatments and placebo. Serum sodium was reduced with spironolactone (–1·91 mmol/L, –1·35%), but not the other treatments, whereas some increase in potassium levels was observed with both bisoprolol and spironolactone (appendix p 14). Serum creatinine levels increased and estimated glomerular fi ltration rate (eGFR) decreased (appendix p 14). Stacking of the distribution of serum sodium, potassium, and eGFR at the end of the treatment cycle for each drug shows that all drugs lowering blood pressure in this population cause some fall in eGFR, and that the frequency of abnormal numbers for each parameter is low (fi gure 4). None of these was clinically serious or led to withdrawals from the trial. Only six (2%) of 285 patients exposed to spironolactone developed a serum potassium on a single occasion greater than 6·0 mmol/L, with a maximum of 6·5 mmol/L.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
