A second critical distinction between the scenarios concerns equity, as illustrated in the right-hand column of sketches in Figure 8. In the Market Forces world, the economic growth of the poorer regions of the world is more rapid than the rich regions, but, nevertheless, the absolute difference between rich and poor widens. At the bottom of the income pyramid, a billion people remain mired in absolute poverty. Policy Reform strategies substantially reduce absolute poverty through targeted aid and livelihood programs (the “poverty spring”). While the yawning gap between rich and poor is partially abated, global and national inequity remains a threat to social cohesion. Poverty eradication is a fundamental tenet of Great Transitions, as well. But in addition to pulling up the bottom, great value is placed on urgently creating more just, harmonious and equitable social relations (the “equity clamp”).