Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide widely used with both agricultural and non-agricultural purposes,
which has been demonstrated to represent a risk to non-target aquatic organisms, namely fish. Among the described
effects to fish, genotoxicity has been pointed out as one of the most hazardous. However, the genotoxic
mechanisms of Roundup®aswell as the involvement of the oxidative DNA damage repair systemare not entirely
understood. Hence, this work aimed to improve the knowledge on the progression of DNA damage upon shortterm
exposure (3 days) and post-exposure (1–14 days) periods in association with DNA repair processes in
Anguilla anguilla exposed to Roundup® (58 and 116 μg L−1). DNA damage in hepatic cells was evaluated by
the comet assay improved with the DNA-lesion specific endonucleases FPG and EndoIII. In order to evaluate
the oxidative DNA damage repair ability, an in vitro base excision repair (BER) assay was performed, testing hepatic
subcellular extracts. Besides the confirmation of the genotoxic potential of this herbicide, oxidative damage
was implicit as an important mechanism of genetic damage, which showed to be transient, since DNA integrity
returned to the control levels on the first day after cessation of exposure. An increased capacity to repair oxidative
DNA damage emerging in the post-exposure period revealed to be a crucial pathway for the A. anguilla recovery;
nevertheless, DNA repair machinery showed to be susceptible to inhibitory actions during the exposure period,
disclosing another facet of the risk associated with the tested agrochemical.
Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide widely used with both agricultural and non-agricultural purposes,which has been demonstrated to represent a risk to non-target aquatic organisms, namely fish. Among the describedeffects to fish, genotoxicity has been pointed out as one of the most hazardous. However, the genotoxicmechanisms of Roundup®aswell as the involvement of the oxidative DNA damage repair systemare not entirelyunderstood. Hence, this work aimed to improve the knowledge on the progression of DNA damage upon shorttermexposure (3 days) and post-exposure (1–14 days) periods in association with DNA repair processes inAnguilla anguilla exposed to Roundup® (58 and 116 μg L−1). DNA damage in hepatic cells was evaluated bythe comet assay improved with the DNA-lesion specific endonucleases FPG and EndoIII. In order to evaluatethe oxidative DNA damage repair ability, an in vitro base excision repair (BER) assay was performed, testing hepaticsubcellular extracts. Besides the confirmation of the genotoxic potential of this herbicide, oxidative damagewas implicit as an important mechanism of genetic damage, which showed to be transient, since DNA integrityreturned to the control levels on the first day after cessation of exposure. An increased capacity to repair oxidativeDNA damage emerging in the post-exposure period revealed to be a crucial pathway for the A. anguilla recovery;nevertheless, DNA repair machinery showed to be susceptible to inhibitory actions during the exposure period,disclosing another facet of the risk associated with the tested agrochemical.
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