As we saw in PART I of this book, there are five fundamental requirements
for a successful infection. Pathogens must be able to:
1. Enter the host (get in).
2. Have the ability to remain in a location while the infection gets
established. We can call this process establishment (staying in), and
this can include increasing the number of pathogenic organisms.
3. Avoid, evade, or compromise the host defenses (defeat the host
defenses).
4. Damage the host.
5. Exit from the host and survive long enough to be transmitted to
another host (transmissibility, covered in Chapter 6).
For pathogens to accomplish this, they use their virulence factors. These
are the characteristics that the pathogens possess that allow them to
thrive and survive in the host’s environment. They are also the “weapons”
that have a role in how virulent a microbe is and are responsible for many
of the symptoms in the host. As we discuss the requirements for a successful
infection in this chapter, you will see the important role of these
virulence factors in the process.
As we saw in PART I of this book, there are five fundamental requirementsfor a successful infection. Pathogens must be able to:1. Enter the host (get in).2. Have the ability to remain in a location while the infection getsestablished. We can call this process establishment (staying in), andthis can include increasing the number of pathogenic organisms.3. Avoid, evade, or compromise the host defenses (defeat the hostdefenses).4. Damage the host.5. Exit from the host and survive long enough to be transmitted toanother host (transmissibility, covered in Chapter 6).For pathogens to accomplish this, they use their virulence factors. Theseare the characteristics that the pathogens possess that allow them tothrive and survive in the host’s environment. They are also the “weapons”that have a role in how virulent a microbe is and are responsible for manyof the symptoms in the host. As we discuss the requirements for a successfulinfection in this chapter, you will see the important role of thesevirulence factors in the process.
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