Children were habituated to the presence of lunch observers for one month before baseline conditions, during which time observer training and inter-observer reliability trials were completed. Children were told that ‘‘the Penn State Team has come to your school to see what children do during lunchtime.’’ During each grade’s 30 min lunch period, the usual school procedure was that children with home-packed lunches entered the lunchroom first and sat together at one end of the table, separate from children eating the school-provided lunch, who lined up for their lunch trays, then sat next to classmates of their choosing. The school provided lunch always included two or more choices of FV and HDRINK (with the FV choices including one or more fresh foods
presented in small paper cups).