However, today’s RFID adoption is still limited due to barriers such as (1) technology current weaknesses (e.g. read rate, data reliability, high rate of new hardware and software introduction, lack of unified standards for interoperability), (2) relatively high costs related to hardware, software customization, systems configuration and integration, and training, (3) security issues (i.e. data access, privacy and legislation), and (4) lack of expertise (i.e. specialized skills required for RFID implementation) (5) patent challenges (i.e. EPCglobal’s intellectual property (IP) policy and concerns about royalty costs) (Asif and Mandviwalla 2005; Wu et al. 2006; Li et al.2006).