The final trial in each block was the novel function trial; this was the only point during the demonstration where the pretend and real conditions differed. In the pretend condition the experimenter told the child, ‘‘Let’s pretend that this screwdriver/spoon is a sprock/coodle,’’ whereas in the real condition the experimenter said, ‘‘Did you know that this screwdriver/spoon is also a sprock/coodle?’’ Inboth conditions, the experimenter then demonstrated the novel function (pushing a ball out of a tube with the screwdriver or flattening a ball of Play-Doh with the spoon), saying, ‘‘This is what sprocks/ coodles do.’’ Again, the child was asked to perform the action.