Results: Specific risk factors can increase or decrease concussion risk. Diagnostic tools to help
identify individuals with concussion include graded symptom checklists, the Standardized Assessment
of Concussion, neuropsychological assessments, and the Balance Error Scoring System.
Ongoing clinical symptoms, concussion history, and younger age identify those at risk for postconcussion
impairments. Risk factors for recurrent concussion include history of multiple concussions,
particularly within 10 days after initial concussion. Risk factors for chronic neurobehavioral impairment
include concussion exposure and APOE e4 genotype. Data are insufficient to show that any
intervention enhances recovery or diminishes long-term sequelae postconcussion. Practice recommendations
are presented for preparticipation counseling, management of suspected concussion,
and management of diagnosed concussion