The total number of music episodes varied between 0 and 53 per participant per measurement period, with participants listening to music once per day on average (An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is fnhum-09-00434-i001.jpg = 13.80 ± 13.34). Therefore, we controlled for the total number of music episodes on level-2, although this only turned out to be a significant predictor in one model (Model 2a). A total of 70 measurements were available per participant (five time points per day for 14 consecutive days), making a total of 2100 possible observations. As HLM uses a listwise deletion procedure in the case of missing values, the degrees of freedom (df) vary between the tested models. In models concerning subjective reports of stress, a total of 1883 observations were entered into the analyses. With regard to neuroendocrine and autonomic markers of stress, a total of 1773 observations were entered into the analyses. As music listening occurred in 21.2% of daily assessments, the number of degrees of freedom was further reduced to 412 when subjective stress reports were considered as the outcome and 379 when biological markers of stress were considered as the outcome, respectively. As neither sCort nor sAA was normally distributed, we natural log-transformed both sCort and sAA [ln (x) + 10]. Two participants had not listened to music at all during the 14-day period of assessment, and were therefore not entered into analyses in which valence/arousal as well as reasons for music listening were examined.
The total number of music episodes varied between 0 and 53 per participant per measurement period, with participants listening to music once per day on average (An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.Object name is fnhum-09-00434-i001.jpg = 13.80 ± 13.34). Therefore, we controlled for the total number of music episodes on level-2, although this only turned out to be a significant predictor in one model (Model 2a). A total of 70 measurements were available per participant (five time points per day for 14 consecutive days), making a total of 2100 possible observations. As HLM uses a listwise deletion procedure in the case of missing values, the degrees of freedom (df) vary between the tested models. In models concerning subjective reports of stress, a total of 1883 observations were entered into the analyses. With regard to neuroendocrine and autonomic markers of stress, a total of 1773 observations were entered into the analyses. As music listening occurred in 21.2% of daily assessments, the number of degrees of freedom was further reduced to 412 when subjective stress reports were considered as the outcome and 379 when biological markers of stress were considered as the outcome, respectively. As neither sCort nor sAA was normally distributed, we natural log-transformed both sCort and sAA [ln (x) + 10]. Two participants had not listened to music at all during the 14-day period of assessment, and were therefore not entered into analyses in which valence/arousal as well as reasons for music listening were examined.
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