While the application of SMS to airframe manufacturers is relatively new, the underlying safety principles and methodologies contained within SMS are equivalent to the safety processes that have been developed over the past several decades and are currently in place at Boeing. In particular, the In- Service Safety process used at Boeing maps directly to three elements of the ICAO Annex 19 safety framework: 2.1 Hazard Identification, 2.2 Risk Assessment and Mitigation, and 4.2 Safety Communication. As can be seen from the above description of the process, In-Service Safety, also called Continued Airworthiness, relies on the cooperative efforts of manufacturers, operators and regulators to ensure the continued future safety of the global air transportation system.