In a large, well-conducted, multicountry study, Boehme et al. evaluated an automated tuberculosis assay (Xpert MTB/RIF) for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and resistance to rifampin (RIF). With a single test, this assay identified 98% of patients with smear-positive and culture-positive tuberculosis (including more than 70% of patients with smear-negative and culture-positive disease) and correctly identified 98% of bacteria that were resistant to rifampin.8
The assay has several critical advantages over conventional nucleic acid–amplification tests, which have been licensed for nearly 20 years and yet have not had a substantial effect on tuberculosis control. The MTB/RIF assay is simple to perform with minimal training, is not prone to cross-contamination, requires minimal biosafety facilities, and has a high sensitivity in smear-negative tuberculosis (the last factor being particularly relevant in patients with HIV infection).8
In a large, well-conducted, multicountry study, Boehme et al. evaluated an automated tuberculosis assay (Xpert MTB/RIF) for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and resistance to rifampin (RIF). With a single test, this assay identified 98% of patients with smear-positive and culture-positive tuberculosis (including more than 70% of patients with smear-negative and culture-positive disease) and correctly identified 98% of bacteria that were resistant to rifampin.8The assay has several critical advantages over conventional nucleic acid–amplification tests, which have been licensed for nearly 20 years and yet have not had a substantial effect on tuberculosis control. The MTB/RIF assay is simple to perform with minimal training, is not prone to cross-contamination, requires minimal biosafety facilities, and has a high sensitivity in smear-negative tuberculosis (the last factor being particularly relevant in patients with HIV infection).8
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