The frequency of this vibration can be calculated using macroscopic elas-
tic theory for spheres, which was conceived by H. Lamb, already in 1882 [45],
and has since then been successfully applied to materials sized anywhere
between a metal nanoparticle [46] and the earth (in fact, the lowest-order vi-
brational mode of our planet has a period of about 21 minutes, and can be
excited by earthquakes) [47]. Lamb's theory predicts vibration in different
quantified modes, that are characterized by two integers, n for the harmonic
order of the vibration, and l for angular momentum. The mode that is usu-
ally detected in time-resolved experiments is the breathing mode, with inte-
ger values (n, l) = (0, 0). Note that some discrepancy exists in literature on
the definition of the lowest harmonic order, which can be n = 0 (e.g., Ref.
[48]) or n = 1 (e.g., Ref. [46]). Throughout this thesis, we define the lowest
harmonic order to be n = 0.
The frequency of this vibration can be calculated using macroscopic elas- tic theory for spheres, which was conceived by H. Lamb, already in 1882 [45], and has since then been successfully applied to materials sized anywhere between a metal nanoparticle [46] and the earth (in fact, the lowest-order vi- brational mode of our planet has a period of about 21 minutes, and can be excited by earthquakes) [47]. Lamb's theory predicts vibration in different quantified modes, that are characterized by two integers, n for the harmonic order of the vibration, and l for angular momentum. The mode that is usu- ally detected in time-resolved experiments is the breathing mode, with inte- ger values (n, l) = (0, 0). Note that some discrepancy exists in literature on the definition of the lowest harmonic order, which can be n = 0 (e.g., Ref. [48]) or n = 1 (e.g., Ref. [46]). Throughout this thesis, we define the lowest harmonic order to be n = 0.
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