AStatistical learning also plays an important role in language processing and interpretation (e.g., MacDonald, 1994; Wells et al., 2009; Fine and Jaeger, 2011). These studies show that listeners learn the distribution of different structures in the language of their interlocutor or in the language as a whole, and use this information to adjust the weight they give the different structures in processing. While it is often unclear whether these effects are top-down or bottom-up, and they do not show generalization to reliance on cues beyond the specific learned structures, they do show that past experience can shape processing.