When it comes to delivery management, both eTracer
(Papatheocharous & Gouvas, 2011) and Musa et al. (2014) performed
it automatically. eTracer used sensors located at the access
points in every delivery spot to consider if a load had to be dispatched
there. One drawback of eTracer is a false positive, in cases
where the deliveryman did not remove the load from the carrier. In
this case, the system would consider that the delivery was successful,
but erroneously. Musa et al. (2014) used the Smart Tag hardware
in order to do continuous tracking. However, this approach
had some drawbacks regarding its implementation costs. This is
because every tag incorporates several sensors, making the final
hardware cost higher if compared to other approaches.
Furthermore, every goods needed an assigned smart tag.