There are many existing definitions of social capital, which broadly encompasses interactions that lead to and result from social organisation. Robert Putnam (1993) describes social capital as features of social organisation, such as networks, norms, and trust, which facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefits. Francis Fukuyama (1995) considers trust to be a measure of social capital, which is accumulated through reciprocity and cooperation, and which provides a basis for prosperous societies. Norman Uphoff (2000) distinguishes between structural and cognitive social capital. Structural capital consists of relationships, networks, associations, and institutions, while cognitive social capital includes values, norms, civic responsibility, reciprocity, altruism, and trust. A general consensus exists among researchers that social capital facilitates collective action for development. As discussed earlier, trust and prior organisational experience constitute elements of social capital that are conducive to the self-governance of forests resources