avoidance, integration and technical specialisation. These styles
play a significant role in student access to computer technology. Her study
evolved over an 8-year period in the elementary schools of a large
metropolitan area. The dominant style of computing among teachers was
that of avoidance. Here teachers typically distanced themselves from
computers and otherwise reduced the amount of time they spent attending
to computer-related activities. Their pupils had limited and repetitive use of
software intended for drill and practice or word processing. Generally these
teachers sustained a low level of interaction with students while they worked
with computers. In contrast, teachers engaged in ‘integration’ generally
embraced computers. They integrated the technology into their teaching
methods and curriculum, their working day, and the learning experiences of
students. They selected drill and practice software based on curricular goals
and the needs of their students. In addition they introduced a broad range
of computer applications and developed creative and engaging projects that
integrated computer activities with more normal instruction.