Concentrations of common carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and
fructose) and mannitol were measured by high performance anion
exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection
(HPAEC-PAD), mainly as described previously (Camu et al., 2007).
An ICS 3000 chromatograph, equipped with a CarboPac PA10
column, was used (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The mobile phase,