A variety of students participated in the quantitative survey. The survey was taken by students in three TOEIC listening comprehension classes. Two of the classes were attended by first year students. These classes were the first of their two mandatory semesters of TOEIC instruction. A total of 104 students responded to the survey in these two classes. These students will be referred to as “group A”. The students in group A have a wide variety of majors. This was their first semester of exposure to university classes. In South Korean public schools, students are never held back or forced to repeat classes based on grades, so this was the first semester where students’ in-class performance had an effect on what they would study in following semesters. The failure rate in first semester TOEIC classes at this university is typically 30%.