Vaccination model. The vaccination model included a meta-analysis to determine vaccine
efficacy (VE) in children and to derive a predictive distribution of vaccine effectiveness. In our
base case analysis, we used data from randomized controlled trials of TIV and LAIV satisfying
previously specified inclusion criteria [10], with the additional requirement that the median
age of participants was between 2 and 15 y. These criteria required laboratory-confirmed influenza
infection to be the primary end point, vaccine administration to be in accordance with
recommendations, and the control group to receive a placebo or a vaccine other than influenza
[10]. Trials meeting these criteria were sought in recent systematic reviews and through
PubMed searches [10,17,18].