where . It is of interest to note that the expression
derived by Sunde [26] for the propagation constant of a line
over finitely conducting ground reduces to the above equation
under conditions in which the skin-effect resistance of the line
can be neglected.
The transmission line equations (17) and (26) predict that
the incident EM field excites freely propagating waves at each
conductor segment. Consider a small element located at
point on the line. The voltage induced at this element due
to the incident EM field is given by