There was no shortage of survey instruments designed to measure and interpret an
individual’s leadership style, however, few instruments were found which adequately
measured the building blocks of TQM. Several instruments were carefully considered for this study and ultimately rejected. The reasons for rejection were many, with the main one being a lack of instruments specifically targeting TQM. This could be due to the fact that TQM had lost its appeal or more likely as cited by Boaden (1997), TQM had become so integrated into organizations that its very existence was transparent and often forgotten about.