The situation is not as clear in other functions of librarianship. Paraprofessionals now carry out most interlibrary loan transactions and copy cataloging but are less likely to manage the department than they are in circulation, a function which has been "paraprofessionalized" longer. This is changing, however. There are libraries where the copy cataloging, serials or acquisitions unit heads are high level paraprofessionals. The Head of Technical Service, however, remains almost always a librarian. Reference, and information services, where a distinction is made between the two, are now more frequently being carried out by higher level paraprofessionals, but this function has not been "paraprofessionalized" even to the same degree as copy cataloging. It is clear, however, that more paraprofessionals are found in information services designed to handle first line user inquiries than in reference services designed for more complex questions. No matter how organized, reference departments are almost exclusively managed by librarians and librarians are the bulk of the staff in most departments. Paraprofessionals are also active in audio-visual services, programming, and services to various special user groups including children. Functions that only recently were considered to require the educational background of the MLS, such as online database searching, are sometimes now being transferred to paraprofessionals, typically with subject expertise. Bibliographic instruction, although for the most part confined to leading library tours and instruction in the use of the online catalog, is also being assigned to paraprofessionals in some of the larger libraries. Despite these trends it is still true that what paraprofessionals must do in some libraries paraprofessionals would not be permitted to do in other libraries.