In terms of future research, it would be advantageous to conduct treatment trials on comorbid headaches and depression with larger samples, and with longer term follow-up. Given the very high prevalence of anxiety disorders in individuals who suffer from headaches and depression, it seems logical to develop treatment packages that target all three disorders. The counter argument, however, is that presence of anxiety disorders did not predict poorer treatment outcome and the present treatment program resulted in significant improvement on a measure of anxiety severity. The finding that men with comorbid headaches and depression responded significantly better to behavioral treatment than women despite the reverse being true for behavioral treatment of headaches alone, seems worthy of further investigation.