One thing which we did not cover above is the role of filters. Filters are extremely important in communication systems, and selecting them and their frequency response is an art by itself. In the satellite receiver above, there are two filters that provide “protection” from un-wanted off-band signals. The first one is after the LNA and covers the 11.7-12.2 GHz range with an attenuation of 40 dB for far-away signals, and the second one is at 1.2-1.7 GHz, again with an attenuator of 40 dB for far-away signals. It is very rare to have a filter after the LNA (in most receivers, the filter is before the LNA), but in the case of DBS systems, this is a very protected frequency range and there are virtually no interferes in this band.