In the area of work measurement and method study, the Japan Management Association is closely linked with American and European companies. It often adapts programmes and systems to make them suitable for the Japanese market. Such systems include most work management systems of H.B. Maynard & Co. Inc.,Supercapes and E-Capes of Hewlett Packard and SDScicon Ltd. In these areas and in their own style, the Japanese are utilizing western systems and technologies in an attempt to bridge the gap which they acknowledge exists in their work measurement portfolio.