The Sounds of Church Music cludes "[t]he whole of worship is musical and to the extent that the worship belonged to the whole assembly, so did the music belong to them rather than to special singers or cantors. When Christianity became legal and respectable under Constantine, worship in general and music especially became much more complicated and sophisticated. Musical instruments could be tolerated if free from pagan associations. Cantors appeared in the fourth century to lead the worshipers in singing texts or as solo performers. In time, choirs emerged so the wor shiping assembly now had a variety of musical specialists. A debate arose over whether women could sing in public worship Opponents argued from Jewish precedent and Paul's words in Corinthians 14:34 that "women should be silent in the churches, Eventually this was resolved with the acceptance of choirs of women singers or women participating in congregational song. Music came to play a large role in theological battles. Ambrose of Milan composed many hymns; some, such as "O Splendor of God's Glory Bright are still sung. The sixth-century Venantius Fortunatus is represented in modern hymnals by "Hail Thee, Festival Day" or "Sing, My Tongue, the Glorious Battle Augustine, sensitive to the power music had to distract worshipers with its beauty, insisted on the need for the text to dominate. Since the fourth century, metrical hymns have continued to be added to the treasury of church music. Hymn singing was part of the peo- ple's daily public prayer as Eusebius of Caesarea noted about 337 A.D.: "the delights of God are the hymns poured forth everywhere on earth in his Church, both morning and evening" (Commentary on Psalm 64:10, author's translation, PG 23, 640) In the Middle Ages, many of the advances in church music, such as musical notation, came from the monastics. Monastic life revolved around singing daily public prayer eight times each day and night in the section of the church known as the choir (or quire of church music developed that distinctive Hence a reflected monastic life itself. This life was heavily communal, but it also focused on individual contemplation and edification. The music that evolved focused on the singing of liturgical texts, espe- cially the entire psalter-to be sung weekly as well as many hymns written for the liturgical year and cycle of saints. The choir 119