Data on parrotfish behaviour were collected throughout the day
(0600e1700 hours) through focal follow observations of an average
of 30 individuals per species at each location. Focal clients were
selected haphazardly by snorkellers or roving scuba divers and
observations began immediately upon sighting. Each individual
was observed for a maximum of 90 min, with a snorkeller diver or a
scuba diver following the focal parrotfish from a minimum distance
of 3e5 m. During focal follows, we noted all visits to cleaning stations
by focal fish and any interactions with cleaners. Specifically,
we recorded (1) the duration of inspection by the cleaner, (2) all
client jolts and parrotfish behaviour after jolting (e.g. interruption
of the cleaning interaction with prompt departure) and (3) any
instances of tactile stimulation by cleaners and parrotfish behaviour
before, during and after such events. Each client interaction
with cleaners was classified as either ‘negative’ when the interaction
ended with a client swimming away after a jolt, or ‘positive’
when clients were attended by cleaners and the interaction did not
end with a client jolt. We defined tactile stimulation as occurring
when cleaners hovered above the client while touching it using
pectoral and pelvic fins (Potts 1973; Bshary & Würth 2001). Because
clients were not tagged during the study, it is possible that individuals
were observed more than once. However, we selected
parrotfish from different parts of the reefs during the focal follows
to reduce the possibility of repeated observations.
Data on parrotfish behaviour were collected throughout the day
(0600e1700 hours) through focal follow observations of an average
of 30 individuals per species at each location. Focal clients were
selected haphazardly by snorkellers or roving scuba divers and
observations began immediately upon sighting. Each individual
was observed for a maximum of 90 min, with a snorkeller diver or a
scuba diver following the focal parrotfish from a minimum distance
of 3e5 m. During focal follows, we noted all visits to cleaning stations
by focal fish and any interactions with cleaners. Specifically,
we recorded (1) the duration of inspection by the cleaner, (2) all
client jolts and parrotfish behaviour after jolting (e.g. interruption
of the cleaning interaction with prompt departure) and (3) any
instances of tactile stimulation by cleaners and parrotfish behaviour
before, during and after such events. Each client interaction
with cleaners was classified as either ‘negative’ when the interaction
ended with a client swimming away after a jolt, or ‘positive’
when clients were attended by cleaners and the interaction did not
end with a client jolt. We defined tactile stimulation as occurring
when cleaners hovered above the client while touching it using
pectoral and pelvic fins (Potts 1973; Bshary & Würth 2001). Because
clients were not tagged during the study, it is possible that individuals
were observed more than once. However, we selected
parrotfish from different parts of the reefs during the focal follows
to reduce the possibility of repeated observations.
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