The biodiversity hotspot of the mountains of southwestern China is the center of diversity for this genus (8). It is here where we find most of the small, single-flowered, geoflorous, dark dull-colored, unpleasantly scented species bearing labellum 1sculptures that resemble the surfaces of fungal sporocarps (14, 15). Vogel suggested that these species are pollinated by small flies, particularly fungus gnats (Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae) (13–16), but he was unable to prove it during his lifetime. Pollination by fungus gnats has been shown in some genera of monandrous orchids (4, 17), although some of these flowers mimic the bodies of female gnats, not mushrooms