Integrating NVM into the stack
NVM presents a new level in the memory hierarchy so
a salient decision is how to best integrate it with the rest
of the system stack.There are two main options: the first option is to treat NVM as secondary storage and use file
I/O operations to access it. If that is the case, we need
to optimize the I/O substrate of the system for persistent
memory, as opposed to optimizing the memory subsystem
for persistence. The second option is to treat NVM as byte-
addressable DRAM with persistence guarantees through per-
sistent memory regions.