the second homogenization theory,relating to turbulence,suggests that the energy dissipating in the liquid generates intense turbulent eddies.These eddies would be of the same size as the average droplet diameter. The intense energy of the turbulence and localized pressure differences would tear apart the droplets, reducing their average size. Flow visualization experiments by this author using a modeled quartz homogenizing valve revealed that, for emulsions, droplet size reduction is produced by turbulent flow. Backpressure or second-stage pressure suppresses cavitation but maintains turbulent flow. Droplets passing through the turbulent jet at the discharge from the gap are immediately disrupted by intense turbulent flow.