1. Engagement: The problem is presented to the students and any roles are explained.
2. Inquiry/Investigation: It is determined what information students already know, what information they need to know, and how best to acquire this information.
3. Problem Resolution: Students analyze their options and decide on an action or a decision.
4. Debriefing: Students discuss not only the content they have learned and how it may be useful in new situations but also the processes involved in solving the problem.