The changing epidemiology of kidney stone disease was
not limited to one specific demographic cohort; increasingprevalence of stones was noted in all age, gender, and racial/ethnic groups, even on a population-adjusted basis. Amongmen, the overall prevalence of stone disease increased from6.3% in 1988–1994 to a population-adjusted 10.3% in 2007–2010, representing a 63% relative increase in the prevalenceof stone disease [1]. The change in prevalence of kidneystones was particularly dramatic in black, non-Hispanics(a 1.7% prevalence in 1988–1994 [1] compared with apopulation-adjusted 4.5% prevalence in 2007–2010, representinga relative increase of>150%). The relative prevalenceincrease among Hispanic individuals was also dramatic.