In addition, the sludge or flocs formed are
biodegradable and safely to be landfilled without further treatment
and would reduce the overall treatment cost. To enable more
widespread use of bio-flocculants it is therefore necessary to
improve the extraction efficiency and the bio-flocculant quality
such that the extract yield is enhanced and lower dosages of the
resultant extract can be used, and further work by the authors will
focus on the use of advanced extraction methods (e.g. microwave
assisted extraction) for these purposes.