Similarly there could be seen very often in third world that even where there is genuine intention to devolve power, it may be hampered by many factors such as influential pressure groups, or dominant elite and the like. In this sense "decentralization is like a mirage, myth and a mask" (Slater: 1989). Here the author means that decentralization can occur by the name, but always isolated in terms of participation and direct control by people who are given authority at local level.