No matter how smooth the shaft when it is rotating it will pick up loose clothing and materials which will become entangled around it. An explanation of this phenomenon is given in Appendix 4.where there is no suitable place to attach a fixed guard plain shafts can be protected by means of a loose sleeve fitted over the exposed part of the shaft with a minimum of 12mm clearance. The sleeve is split along its length placed over the shaft and the two halves bound together with circular clips or strong adhesive tapes.