Sustainable agriculture is a core part of the concept of sustainable development. Given the forecast in population increase, sustainable agriculture has to achieve food security in combination with economic viability, social responsibility and have as little effect on biodiversity and natural ecosystems as possible. Based on Agenda 21, signed at the world summit in Rio de Janeiro 1992, sustainable agriculture takes a truly global perspective. This concept requires a thorough understanding of agro-ecosystem functions. The protection of soil and water is one necessary prerequisite as well as the efficient use of mineral and organic fertilizers. This might be achieved by means of improved technology and better understanding of the basic processes in soils. Solving the persistent hunger problem is not simply a matter of developing new agricultural technologies and practices. Most poor producers cannot afford expensive technologies. They will have to find new types of solutions based on locally-available and cheap technologies combined with making the best of natural and human resources. Sustainable intensification is the use of the best available technologies and inputs such as best genotypes, best agronomic management practices and best postharvest technologies to maximize yields, while at the same time minimizing or eliminating harm to the environment. Clearly, over the next 50 years we will need to learn to do just this. Therefore, this review will be focused on the postharvest physiology and management including harvesting, handling, packing, storage and hygiene of fruits and vegetables to enhance using of new postharvest biotechnology. The postharvest biology including biochemical parameters of horticultural crops quality, postharvest handling under extreme weather conditions, potential impacts of climate changes on vegetable postharvest and postharvest biotechnology will be also highlighted.