Bending under tension experiments were conducted using dif-ferent die radii under three different lubrication conditions. In thisstudy, the severity of bending at the die radius was characterizedby the normalized die radius (or normalized bending ratio), the dieradius to the specimen thickness ratio. A number of die radii wereselected to obtain the normalized bending ratios of 1T, 5T, and 10Twhere T indicates specimen thickness. A surface profilometer was