Mobile learning devices have also enriched the theory and practice of e-learning. Contemporary consumers of higher education in developing countries almost always use mobile learning devices as adjuncts to e-learning in higher education. Sophisticated mobile devices are currently capable of delivering a comprehensive range of e-learning materials by means of web connections , infrared and bluetooth transmissions. For Ally (2005) “mobile learning [is at the] intersection of mobile computing and e-learning; [it provides] accessible resources wherever you are, strong search capabilities, rich interaction, powerful support for effective learning and performance-based assessment”.