The Japanese have been given credit for inventing the just-in-time concept in
much ofthe current literature. The philosophy underlying JIT was developed in Japan.
It was introduced in the early 1950s by T. Ohno, Executive Vice President of Toyota
Motor Company and perfected by Toyota in Japan. The idea was formalized into a
management system when Toyota wanted to meet customers' precise demands for
various models and style configurations with a minimum of delay. [Ref. 3:p. 9]
Following WWII, the Japanese required large influxes of capital, labor, and
manufacturing process improvements to rise up from the ashes ofwar. In developing
24
JIT, the Japanese took advantage oftheir compact geography, intense work ethic, and
their propensity for team work and attention to detail. They cultivated close working
relationships between buying firms and their suppliers. [Ref. 8:p. 10]
During the 1950s many Japanese companies were experimenting with the JIT
concept to make their companies more profitable. The combination ofmasses of human
resources with few natural resources may help to explain Japanese resourcefulness. The
Japanese make do with little and avoid waste. The modem Japanese system offactory
management, the just-in-time approach, featuring hand to mouth management of
materials, with total quality control, seems in character with its historical penchant to
conserve. [Ref. 35:p. 3]
The Japanese have been given credit for inventing the just-in-time concept inmuch ofthe current literature. The philosophy underlying JIT was developed in Japan.It was introduced in the early 1950s by T. Ohno, Executive Vice President of ToyotaMotor Company and perfected by Toyota in Japan. The idea was formalized into amanagement system when Toyota wanted to meet customers' precise demands forvarious models and style configurations with a minimum of delay. [Ref. 3:p. 9]Following WWII, the Japanese required large influxes of capital, labor, andmanufacturing process improvements to rise up from the ashes ofwar. In developing24JIT, the Japanese took advantage oftheir compact geography, intense work ethic, andtheir propensity for team work and attention to detail. They cultivated close workingrelationships between buying firms and their suppliers. [Ref. 8:p. 10]During the 1950s many Japanese companies were experimenting with the JITconcept to make their companies more profitable. The combination ofmasses of humanresources with few natural resources may help to explain Japanese resourcefulness. TheJapanese make do with little and avoid waste. The modem Japanese system offactorymanagement, the just-in-time approach, featuring hand to mouth management ofmaterials, with total quality control, seems in character with its historical penchant toconserve. [Ref. 35:p. 3]
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