Different models have been set forth to define the knowledge
management process (e.g., Wiig 1993; Nonaka and
Takeuchi 1994; Gold et al. 2001; Kululanga and McCaffer
2001). A succinct review of these models reveals that they
vary in their scope and level of detail. The model proposed
in this paper uses Gold et al.’s (2001) knowledge management
process model because their model is sufficiently broad
to permit a complete analysis of knowledge management
processes and commonly used in knowledge management
studies (Lin 2007). Gold et al.’s (2001) knowledge management
process model involves four sub-processes: the acquisition,
conversion, application, and protection of knowledge.
The knowledge acquisition process involves searching for and finding entirely new knowledge or creating new knowledge out of existing knowledge. The knowledge conversion process involves the transfer of knowledge among social actors (i.e., groups and individuals). The knowledge applicationprocess involves the utilization of knowledge to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of activities and operations. The knowledge protection process involves securing knowledge from inappropriate and illegal use or theft.