With recentconcernsaboutsustainabil

With recentconcernsaboutsustainabilityandenvironmentalprotection,growingattentionhasbeenfocused
on biologicalsourcesforbothchemicals andfuels;however,toanalyzesuchbioprocessesforcommercial
viability,andtoinvestigatepossibleefficiencyimprovements,thetheoreticalefficienciesmustbeknownasan
upper-boundonperformance.Sincealmostallexergycontainedinbiomassoriginatesfromsolarradiation,
photosynthesisisthegatewaytosustainablebioprocessdevelopment.Theliteratureshowsawiderangeof
efficiencypredictions,2.6–41%,duetodifferentdefinitionsandmethodsofanalysis. Therefore,theobjectiveof
this studyistodissectthecomplex bio-processesinvolvedinphotosynthesisandanalyzetheexergy flows
throughthesystem,analyzingphotosynthesissoas tobeunderstandablebyboth biologistsandthermo-
dynamicists.Theinitialabsorptionoflighthasthelowestexergyefficiency,anditaccountsforover64%ofthe
exergylostthroughoutthesystem.Forthelightreactions,reductionpotentialsareusedtoanalyzethe flow of
excited,high-energyelectronsthroughphotosystemsIIandI,resultinginanexergyefficiencyforthelight
reactionsof32percent.Forthedarkreactions,thechemicalexergymethodproposedby Lemsetal.(2007) is
appropriate.Theresultingefficiencyofthedarkreactionsis81percent.Exergylossestotranspirationand
photorespirationaretakenintoaccount,althoughtheireffectsarerelativelysmall.Theoverallexergyefficiency
of photosynthesisiscalculatedtobe3.9percent.Theefficienciesofthesub-processes,aswellastheoverall
efficiency,showgoodagreementwithrecentpublications.Ultimately,thelargestlossesareduetopoor
absorptionoflightandtheinefficientelectrontransferthroughthephotosystems.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

ด้วย recentconcernsaboutsustainabilityandenvironmentalprotection, growingattentionhasbeenfocused
ใน biologicalsourcesforbothchemicals ดังนั้น theobjectiveof studyistodissectthecomplex นี้ชีวภาพ processesinvolvedinphotosynthesisandanalyzetheexergy ไหลthroughthesystem, analyzingphotosynthesissoas tobeunderstandablebyboth ไหล Lemsetal. (2007)

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

กับ recentconcernsaboutsustainabilityandenvironmentalprotection growingattentionhasbeenfocused
, ใน biologicalsourcesforbothchemicals andfuels อย่างไรก็ตาม toanalyzesuchbioprocessesforcommercial
ความมีชีวิต andtoinvestigatepossibleefficiencyimprovements thetheoreticalefficienciesmustbeknownasan , บน boundonperformance sincealmostallexergycontainedinbiomassoriginatesfromsolarradiation
,
.photosynthesisisthegatewaytosustainablebioprocessdevelopment . theliteratureshowsawiderangeof
efficiencypredictions 2.6 – 41 เปอร์เซ็นต์ duetodifferentdefinitionsandmethodsofanalysis . ดังนั้น theobjectiveof
นี้ studyistodissectthecomplex ไบโอ processesinvolvedinphotosynthesisandanalyzetheexergy throughthesystem ไหล
-
analyzingphotosynthesissoas tobeunderstandablebyboth biologistsandthermo dynamicists .theinitialabsorptionoflighthasthelowestexergyefficiency anditaccountsforover64 , % ของ exergylostthroughoutthesystem forthelightreactions
. ,
reductionpotentialsareusedtoanalyzethe ไหลตื่นเต้น energyelectronsthroughphotosystemsiiandi สูง resultinginanexergyefficiencyforthelight
reactionsof32percent . forthedarkreactions thechemicalexergymethodproposedby lemsetal , ( 2007 )
)theresultingefficiencyofthedarkreactionsis81percent . exergylossestotranspirationand photorespirationaretakenintoaccount althoughtheireffectsarerelativelysmall
, .
ของ theoverallexergyefficiency photosynthesisiscalculatedtobe3.9percent . theefficienciesofthesub กระบวนการ aswellastheoverall
ประสิทธิภาพ showgoodagreementwithrecentpublications สุด thelargestlossesareduetopoor
absorptionoflightandtheinefficientelectrontransferthroughthephotosystems .