The finding that micro- and macro-level factors interact across organizational
levels to influence technology use in the classroom is consistent with
Surry and Farquhar’s (1997) recommendations that successful innovation
adoption requires targeting micro- and macro-level factors. Thus, school
systems could consider both micro- and macro-level factors when developing
strategies to increase teachers’ use of technology in the classroom. To
address micro-level factors, a school system might place greater emphasis on
teachers’ prior technology experience when hiring teachers, promote professional
development opportunities that focus on the benefits rather than the mechanics of using IT, and highlight IT strategies used by teachers who use
technology innovatively and successfully. To address macro-level factors, a
school system may consider IT use and technology standards in the development
of teachers’ professional development plans, emphasize a principal’s
prior use of technology during hiring deliberations, and allow principals to
have discretion over their schools’ technology expenditures. Collectively,
these macro-level actions may lead to the selection of school leaders who are
committed to technology, have the skills to be technology advocates within
the school, and promote a school culture that embraces technology.