it is difficult to see how this can be achieved. In view of the reluctance and. given the projected scale of the problem, inability of the world's more affluent countries to make anything other than token gestures of support, the most likely future scenario will be the sprouting of ever-larger refugee populations contained in camps which international agencies such as the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and various charitable organizations will struggle to support.
Resettlement
The resettlement of people is another form of involuntary population movement, although levels of involuntariness and the permanence of the movement may be quite variable. The resettlement of people to make way for major infrastructural projects (e.g. ports, transportation termini, or reservoirs for irrigation and power generation) involves the enforced and permanent movement of people from one site to another, to which there is no practical alternative. The redistribution of population may involve compulsory measures, such as the eviction of squatters in Lima or Manila in the 1960s and 1970s and the consolidation of ethnic minority groups in Vietnam, or may include an element of volition on the part of the mover, as with various land settlement schemes in Indonesia and Malaysia. In most cases, however, resettlement is a form of involuntary population movement because, given the choice, the movers would generally have preferred to stay put. Over the last three to four decades the Third World has played host to some quite massive reservoir construction projects, many of which have been funded by international agencies such as the World Bank. Table 3.2 illustrates the huge scale of several of these projects. Although the resettlement of people to make way for major infrastructural projects is often justified in developmental terms, it is seldom the relocatee who is the prime beneficiary of such schemes. During the 1960s and 1970s, a number of resettlement programmes in northern and north-eastern Thailand were deemed necessary in order to provide irrigation for rain-fed rice-growing areas and to underpin the country's economic growth by increasing electricity-generation capacity. Several tens of thousands of farmers were displaced by these schemes, and relocated in resettlement communes, many of which were located in upland areas because of the shortage of land in the lowlands. Whilst