Table 3 presents information on pain severity status (none to mild vs. moderate to severe) as
a function of smoking status and covariates. Persistent smokers had the highest proportion of
patients who reported ‘moderate to severe’ pain. Younger age, lower perceived health status
and higher levels of other cancer symptoms (fatigue, shortness of breath and difficulty eating)
were also significantly associated with a higher likelihood of reporting moderate to severe pain
(p