In both RESS-WTS and RESS-BFB coating procedures the distance between the nozzle and MCC particles in the bed was kept to a minimum, i.e. the fluidized bed was in direct contact with the surface of the gas distributor plate, into which the nozzle was inserted, so that its tip was slightly countersunk (∼15 mm) into the plate. The intention here is to capture the active particles close to their point of origin, so restricting subsequent particle growth and aggregation before capture and maintaining them in their nucleated nano-size.